Ozempic & the Gut: What GLP-1 Medications Really Do to Your Digestive System

Ozempic (semaglutide) and other GLP-1 medications have rapidly grown in popularity for managing type 2 diabetes and supporting weight loss. While they are highly effective for blood sugar control and appetite regulation, many patients experience unexpected digestive side effects. As a gastroenterologist, I regularly see patients who are unsure whether their nausea, bloating, or constipation while on these medications is normal or a sign of something more concerning.

GLP-1 medications work by mimicking a hormone that helps lower blood sugar and slows down how quickly food leaves the stomach. This delay in gastric emptying helps patients feel fuller for longer, which can aid in weight management. However, it can also lead to symptoms like early satiety, bloating, constipation, or nausea. In some individuals, the effects may resemble a condition called gastroparesis, where the stomach empties too slowly, leading to discomfort, poor appetite, or even vomiting.

For many patients, these side effects are mild and temporary, especially when starting or adjusting the medication. But it’s important to know when to seek medical evaluation. Red flags include persistent vomiting, severe abdominal bloating or pain, constipation lasting several days without relief, or unintended and significant weight loss. These may signal that the medication is affecting the gastrointestinal system more than expected.

To reduce symptoms, patients can try eating smaller meals throughout the day, avoiding high-fat or fried foods, and drinking plenty of water. Gradually increasing dietary fiber, particularly low-FODMAP options or psyllium, can also help manage constipation without worsening bloating. In some cases, medications to manage nausea or promote motility may be considered, but these should always be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Patients with a history of gastrointestinal conditions such as acid reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, or gastroparesis should be especially cautious when starting GLP-1 medications. Close coordination between your prescribing physician and a gastroenterologist can help ensure a safer, more comfortable experience.

GLP-1 therapies like Ozempic offer important metabolic benefits, but digestive health should not be overlooked. If you are experiencing persistent GI symptoms while on one of these medications, a consultation with a gastroenterologist can help determine whether adjustments or further testing are needed. At ouroffice in Brooklyn, we regularly help patients manage these effects safely and comfortably.

For expert care and guidance on managing digestive symptoms related to Ozempic and other GLP-1 medications, schedule a visit with Dr. Jack Husney in Brooklyn, New York. We’re here to support your health—both metabolic and gastrointestinal—every step of the way.